Obesity-associated steatotic liver exhibits aberrant or altered sphingolipid composition and preferentially accumulates ceramide species containing long chain fatty acids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sphingolipid (SL) signaling pathways are induced by reactive oxygen species and proin-flammatory molecules, which are shown to be upregulated in the obese state. The present work was conducted to determine if an altered SL pathway exists, and contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis associated with obesity. Steatotic and non-steatotic livers were procured from Zucker Obese female rats and their lean counterparts in this pre-clinical study, and assessed for enzymes involved in degradation as well as in phos-phorylation of proapoptotic SLs. The expression of enzymes [sphingo-myelinase (SMase), ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1)] and apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) was quantified by ELISA and by Western Blot. Sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide, ceramide-1 phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (SPH), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chroma-tography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectroscopy (MS). Obese steatotic livers exhibited significantly upregulated ceramidase and down-regulated SK1 and C1P levels (P accumulation of ceramides containing long chain fatty acids could be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".