Les défis du droit pénal de l'environnement : les régimes de responsabilité pénale de Sault Ste-Marie à Wholesale Travel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le présent texte fait le point sur l'état du droit en matière de responsabilité stricte à la suite de la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada dans Wholesale Travel. L'analyse met en perspective ce jugement avec l'évolution jurisprudentielle depuis l'adoption de la responsabilité stricte par l'arrêt Sault Ste-Marie. L'auteur propose un regard critique sur la conception de ce régime de responsabilité pénale telle qu'elle se dégage du jugement reconnaissant la validité constitutionnelle de l'inversion de la charge de la preuve de la diligence raisonnable. Puis un examen de la jurisprudence récente en matière d'infractions relatives à l'environnement permet de constater les conséquences de ce jugement sur le plan des exigences de la responsabilité pour négligence.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".