Benzylpenicillin Toxicity in Albino Rats Fed Synthetic High Starch Versus High Sugar Diets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The studies reported in this paper were undertaken to investigate the hypothesis of Boyd, Covert and Pitman (Chemotherapia 11: 320, 1966) that the augmented toxicity of benzylpenicillin given orally to albino rates fed a synthetic pyridoxine-deficient diet was due to the presence of large amounts of sucrose in that diet. Benzylpenicillin potassium was given orally in a dose of 5.34 g/kg/day to young adult albino rats fed (a) a diet containing 22 % of casein, 69.4 % of sucrose, 4.0 % of salt mix, 2 % of hydrogenated vegetable oil, 2 % of cod liver oil, 0.5 % of wheat germ oil and adequate vitamin supplements (except pyridoxine) or (b) the same diet but with 69.4 % of cornstarch in place of the 69.4 % sucrose. The death rate and clinicopathologic signs of toxicity to benzylpenicillin were significantly greater in rats fed diet (a) than in those fed diet (b). It was concluded that the fulminating toxicity syndrome seen in animals fed diet (a) was due to a combination of the toxicity of subtoxic amounts of dietary sucrose and sublethal amounts of administered benzylpenicillin over the interval studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".