Morphology and chaetotaxy of larval<i>Hypodessus cruciatus</i>(Régimbart) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the Bidessini based on larval characters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of members of the hydroporine tribe Bidessini are investigated based on a cladistic analysis of 30 taxa and 43 characters from larval morphology. For this purpose, the three larval instars of Hypodessus cruciatus (Régimbart) are described and illustrated for the first time, with particular emphasis on the morphometry and chaetotaxy. The consensus cladogram supports a monophyletic origin of the Bidessini based on the absence of the primary pore ABc, a unique feature within Hydroporinae. Amarodytes Régimbart is sister to the other Bidessini genera studied, being characterized by the presence of secondary setae on the first urogomphomere and the presence of an occipital suture in first‐instar larva. Liodessus Guignot and Anodocheilus Babington are a monophyletic group and share the absence of a ventroapical spinula on the third antennomere. Hypodessus, Glareadessus Wewalka & Biström and the clade Liodessus + Anodocheilus form a polytomy. Bidessini is resolved as derived within Hydroporinae, as part of a clade along with Hygrotini, Vatellini, Hyphydrini and Hydroporini (excluding Laccornellus Roughley & Wolfe). Members of this clade share the absence of a galea and of setae MX8 and MX9. Within this grouping, Bidessini shares a common origin with Vatellini, Hyphydrini and part of Hydroporini, all these taxa being characterized by a cardo fused to the stipes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".