Pathways of cross‐frontal exchange in the North Atlantic Current
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North Atlantic Current (NAC) forms part of the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres in the North Atlantic Ocean. The current has topographically controlled stationary meanders that appear to grow and decay. A region east of the current in the Newfoundland Basin contains water of mixed subpolar/subtropical properties, suggesting that there is exchange across the NAC. This study considers data from isopycnal RAFOS floats launched in the NAC region from 1993 to 1995. We use the RAFOS data to define the “frontal zone” as a pressure range where the jet is most likely to be found. This definition requires a latitudinal dependence as the NAC shoals to the north. Floats shallower and deeper than this range are defined to be on the subpolar and subtropical side, respectively. These definitions are used to estimate mixing that occurs between the current and its surroundings and to estimate the relative quantity of exchange of water parcels between the two gyres. Only small quantities of mass exchange from one gyre to the other are found, but there is a distinct asymmetry leading to a mean flux from the subpolar to subtropical sides. We also find that floats spend significant time in the frontal region and are frequently exchanged between fast and slow moving waters, particularly at the meander extrema. Diffusion, while in the jet, leads to eddy cross‐frontal exchange which is important for the exchange of properties across the NAC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".