First report of honeysuckle leaf blight ( <i>Insolibasidium deformans</i> ) on honeysuckle ( <i>Lonicera</i> spp.) in the UK
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) belongs to a popular genus of ornamental shrubs (many of which are climbers), grown mainly for their fragrant flowers. Over the last few years, many species and varieties of honeysuckle have become affected by a pathogen newly introduced into the UK: the basidiomycete Insolibasidium deformans, which causes honeysuckle leaf blight. The disease was first observed in the UK in early summer 2000 on a containerized plant of Lonicera pileata. Since then, the disease has become more widespread in the UK on Lonicera spp., especially in the south of England. Symptoms are first seen in the spring as interveinal chlorotic lesions on newly emerged leaves. As these lesions develop, they become yellow/brown and turn silvery as they dry out. A curling or twisting of entire leaves is often seen and affected leaves often drop prematurely. Stems appear to remain symptomless. A white bloom consisting of basidia and basidiospores is evident on the undersurface of infected leaves. Basidia observed on UK samples were four-celled, cylindrical, curved (4–6 × 20–35 µm) with short cylindrical, slightly curved, hyaline, apiculate basidio-spores (5–7 × 9–13 µm) that conformed to I. deformans (Oberwinkler & Bandoni, 1984). Pathogenicity was tested by dusting healthy plants of L. pileata and L. nitida with basidiospores from an infected plant. Uninoculated plants were used as controls. Typical interveinal chlorotic symptoms were observed after a few weeks on L. pileata, but not on L. nitida. No symptoms were found on the control plants. Honeysuckle leaf blight has previously been recorded on Lonicera in at least 14 north-eastern and north-central states of the USA and from Canada (Riffle & Watkins, 1986). This is the first report of the disease in the UK and the pathogen is now considered to be established here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".