Partitioning of bovine lactoferrin in aqueous two-phase system containing poly(ethylene glycol) and sodium citrate
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The partitioning of the whey protein lactoferrin, which is an iron transporter glycoprotein, in an aqueous two-phase system composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and sodium citrate was evaluated. Equilibrium data at 25 °C were determined for each system studied using PEG with a molar mass of 1000 and 4000 g mol−1 at pH values of 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5. An increase in the molar mass of the polymer promoted the expansion of the two-phase region and caused the migration of the lactoferrin to the salt-rich bottom phase. An increase in pH also led to the expansion of the biphasic region. However, changing the pH over the tested range slightly affected protein partitioning. Lactoferrin recovery percentages greater than 94% were observed for all of the systems evaluated. The results indicated that lactoferrin can be successfully partitioned in an aqueous two-phase system formed of 14% (w/w) PEG and 10% (w/w) sodium citrate at pH 5.5 and 25 °C. The protein was concentrated 1000-fold in the salt-rich bottom phase in this system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it