Monitoring of Real-Time Temperature Profiles Across Multizone Reservoirs During Production and Shut-In Periods Using Permanent Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper describes the use of a fiber-optic distributed temperature system (DTS) to monitor and evaluate the production and shut-in thermal profiles in an offshore China well. The objective was to identify and correlate production changes with respect to time over the first phase of a multiphase offshore field development. The well was drilled from an offshore platform with a deviation of 40 degree across the reservoir section and completed with a 5 inch diameter expandable sand screen (ESS). An electrical submersible pump (ESP) was used to produce the oil. The reservoir consists of multi-layered sand zones and the flow was commingled through the sand screens to the pump intake set in a 9-5/8 inch diameter casing. The system was commissioned to acquire a better understanding of the flow allocation in the complex stacked reservoir sequence. The importance of this knowledge in the early stages of production is expected to influence future field development. Continuous distributed temperature monitoring of the well enabled quantitative analysis of the produced fluids to be performed at selected times providing real time, permanent, production monitoring over the reservoir. This technique will allow future wells to be developed with smaller completion sizes by limiting the requirement for production logging "Y" tools. The data acquired to date has provided improved reservoir characterization and understanding of the dynamics of the reservoir behavior. The data analyzed included initial well unloading and clean-up, zone depletion over time resulting from zone reservoir pressure changes, natural flow on shut-in and differential flow induced from various production rates using a variable speed ESP. These key events would not have been captured with conventional production logging due to normal operating constraints. As the completions in this field are multi-zone or multi-layer completions, understanding the relative flow contribution of each zone or layer is important for long-term reservoir management. Combined with pressure transient analysis of initial production history, the data collected from the fiber optic DTS has enabled the determination of individual sand lobe flow capacity and a better determination of net pay cut offs. Combined with other open-hole log information, a breakthrough has been achieved for generating accurate models of permeability for each sand sequence within this fluvial deltaic reservoir environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".