Evolution of hearing in moths: the ears of Oenosandra boisduvalii (Noctuoidea : Oenosandridae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ears of Oenosandra boisduvalii (Oenosandridae), as a representative of this heretofore unstudied family of moths, were electrophysiologically examined from specimens captured in South Australia. Male and female moths possess ears with two auditory receptor neurons that are similarly sensitive and tuned to the frequencies emitted by sympatric bats, suggesting that both sexes face equal predation pressures from aerially foraging bats. The two-celled ear of this moth supports the independence of the Oenosandridae from its previous affiliation with the Notodontidae, whose single auditory neuron remains a unique character within the Noctuoidea. The general insensitivity of its ear, however, resembles that of the notodontid moth and is surprising considering the diversity of insectivorous bats that forms its predation potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".