Effects of Pyrogallol on Al<sub>13</sub> Tridecamer Formation And Humification
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Al 13 polycation is the predominant hydroxy-Al species in partially neutralized solutions. However, the existence of the Al 13 species and the factors governing its formation in terrestrial environments still remain obscure. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pyrogallol, a common polyphenol in soils, on the formation of Al 13 tridecamer. Hydroxy-Al solutions with an OH/Al molar ratio of 2.2 (pH 4.53) at pyrogallol/Al molar ratios of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 were prepared and mixed with 0.5 M sodium sulfate to form aluminum sulfate precipitation products. The solid-state 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the precipitates show that the pyrogallol perturbed the formation of Al 13 tridecamer species as indicated by the decrease in the intensity of resonance peak, observed at 62.5 ppm, with increase in the pyrogallol/Al molar ratio. The crystallization of the precipitated Al sulfates was also hampered by pyrogallol, resulting in the formation of X-ray non-crystalline products at a pyrogallol/Al molar ratio of 0.50. The absorbance at 465 and 650 nm of the hydroxy-Al-pyrogallol solutions, the C coprecipitated, the electron spin resonance and 13 C CPMAS-NMR spectra of the precipitates indicate the concomitant enhanced abiotic humification of pyrogallol by the X-ray amorphous Al species.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it