Phenomenon of Religious Revival in the Context of the Experience of Modernization of the Muslim Community in the Late XIX - Early XX Centuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The urgency of the problem under investigation is due to modern processes of religious revival, actively manifested primarily in the Muslim environment, in violent politicization of Islam, the growing influence of radical movements. The article aims to study the experience of the modernization of the Muslim community in Russia (late XIX - early XX centuries), opportunities and prospects for its reception at the present time. The civilizational approach is the leading one to the study of this problem, which allows us to consider the Muslim community in Russia as an integral part of Islamic civilization, positive changes in its socio-cultural way of life - in the context of Islamic modernization processes. Based on the study of the works of Muslim modernists, the authors concluded that in the late XIX - early XX centuries they substantiated the principles of tolerance and rationalism in addressing religious issues, which have become the basis of modernization of the entire way of life of the Muslim community in Russia and an alternative to fundamentalist revival. The article may be useful in the development of training courses on the history of Islam, the Muslim peoples, the history of the Tatar people, as well as the history of culture and social thought of the peoples of Russia as a whole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".