Computer simulation of the film blowing process incorporating crystallization and viscoelasticity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive two-dimensional simulation of the film blowing process is developed based on a mathematical model that incorporates the Phan-Thien and Tanner (PTT) and the Neo-Hookean constitutive equations with crystallization effects. The PTT constitutive equation is employed in the liquid-like region, while the Neo-Hookean constitutive equation is employed in the solid-like region, to describe the rheological behavior of the film. The effects of the process variables and parameters on the stress balance and overall behavior of the film were evaluated. The orientation-induced crystallization is accounted for by incorporating the Nakamura non-isothermal equation along with the Ziabicki equation. The proposed model provides predictions of the bubble shape and dimensions, the position of the freeze-line, and the evolution of temperature, crystallinity, birefringence, stresses and deformation in the blown film. The predictions of the model show good agreement with experimental results reported by various workers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".