Infants’ perception of source size in vowel sounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent research shows that pre-babbling infants can recognize infant-produced vowels as phonetically similar to adult and child vowel productions (Polka et al., submitted), indicating that infants normalize for speaker size information. Yet little is known about whether infants encode information about speaker size in speech sounds and then use this information for source identification. Here, we investigate whether infants preferentially attend to smaller visual objects over larger visual objects when they hear infant speech sounds, and attend to larger visual objects over smaller visual objects when they hear adult speech sounds. We are currently testing 9-month-old infants using an intermodal matching procedure, in which they are presented with isolated vowel sounds synthesized to emulate productions by either adult female or infant speakers, along with side-by-side geometric shapes that differ in size (e.g., a large square and a small square). Preliminary analysis suggests that infants display greater mean proportion-looking times to the congruent shape-voice pairs, but additional data collection is ongoing. The implications of these findings for theories of infant speech perception will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".