Host Specificity of Mogulones cruciger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Biocontrol Agent for Houndstongue ( Cynoglossum officinale ), with Emphasis on Testing of Native North American Boraginaceae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent concerns over the safety of native North American plant species in the family Boraginaceae, especially those of endangered status in the USA, prompted additional host specificity testing of the European root weevil Mogulones cruciger , a proposed agent for the biocontrol of houndstongue in the USA. M. cruciger can complete full development on species within closely-related genera in the Boraginaceae, but prefers houndstongue as a host. Of the 22 species of native North American Boraginaceae that were tested in this study, nine species from four genera within the tribe Eritrichieae ( Cryptantha, Hackelia, Mertensia and Lappula ) clearly supported development of M. cruciger . However, generally these non-target species experienced less attack by M. cruciger relative to houndstongue. There were differences in the incidence and degree of attack depending on the test type, which included the use of potted test plants in laboratory no-choice and open-field choice situations. The least non-target attack occurred on rangeland in British Columbia, Canada, where potted test plants were introduced into sites where the insect had been previously released on houndstongue. These results suggest that M. cruciger has a narrow ecological host range. Special emphasis was placed on testing species of Cryptantha because C. crassipes is listed as endangered in the USA. Six of 12 Cryptantha species tested supported full development, but generally, the incidence and intensity of attack were less for these species relative to houndstongue. There was no, or incomplete development, on tested species of Plagiobothrys , a genus that contains two species listed as endangered in the USA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".