Comparison of Exercise Strategies for Motor Symptom Improvement in Parkinson’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of four exercise interventions on motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and methods: This was a quasi-experimental trial with 89 participants assigned to one of four exercise programs (aquatic, aerobic, strength and sensory attention-focused exercise) or a control group. All groups were assessed by a blinded evaluator with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III) motor section before exercises began (pre-test), immediately following exercise (post-test) and a subgroup was followed for a 6-week nonexercise washout period (washout). Results: Only sensory attention-focused exercise resulted in significant symptomatic improvement relative to nonexercising control participants. The sensory (6.7 points) and strength training (5.5 points) groups also had significant UPDRS III reductions from pre- to post-exercise. These benefits were not maintained after the washout period. Conclusion: Of the exercise modalities tested, sensory attention-focused exercise and strength training were the most effective strategies for individuals with PD. Future randomized trials are needed to confirm these results and compare other promising strategies aimed at specific pathophysiological deficits of PD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".