Correlation of endothelial function in large and small arteries in human essential hypertension.
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The structure and function of blood vessels varies along the vascular tree, and alterations found in hypertension are also different. The aim of this study was to determine whether non-invasive measurement of endothelial function in conduit arteries reflects that of subcutaneous resistance arteries measured in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen essential hypertensive patients (aged 50 +/- 2 years) were studied. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) during reactive hyperemia (endothelium-dependent) and sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced dilatation (endothelium-independent) were assessed in brachial arteries by ultrasound. Structure, and acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-4) mol/l) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10(-8) to 10(-3) mol/l)-induced vasorelaxation of resistance arteries dissected from gluteal subcutaneous biopsies were measured in vitro using a pressurized myograph. Brachial artery FMD and NTG-induced dilatation were 8.4 +/- 1.0 and 18.1 +/- 1.4%, respectively. Resistance arteries of hypertensive patients showed greater media:lumen ratio (8.6 +/- 0.4 versus 5.9 +/- 0.3% in normotensive subjects, P< 0.01), and maximal acetylcholine responses was diminished to 75 +/- 6% compared to normotensive subjects (97 +/- 2%, P< 0.01). FMD correlated with maximal acetylcholine responses (r2 = 0.57, P< 0.001). FMD did not correlate significantly with the media: lumen ratio of resistance arteries (r2 = -0.22, P= 0.07). By multivariate analysis, FMD predicted resistance artery endothelial function independently of age, sex, body mass index, blood lipid status and lumen diameter of brachial artery (beta = 0.81, P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial dilatory responses are similar in large and small arteries in hypertensive patients. Abnormal FMD in the brachial artery predicts the presence of endothelial dysfunction in human resistance arteries, suggesting that impairment of endothelial function is a generalized alteration in hypertension. Ultrasound measurement of endothelial dysfunction in the brachial artery appears to be less sensitive than in-vitro measurement in resistance arteries.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it