Effect of Carrier Leakage on Optimal AR Coatings in Midinfrared Interband Cascade Lasers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variation of leakage current in interband cascade lasers (ICLs) with different carrier concentrations achieved by coating the facet with antireflections (AR) coating was experimentally studied. Single-layer Al2O3 and double-layer ZnS-YF3, ZnS-SiO2, and Ti2O5-SiO2 AR coatings are applied to midinfrared (mid-IR) ICL devices to achieve reflectance ranging from 0.15 to 7 × 10-4. By monitoring the laser performance before and after coating, it was observed that, for lower reflectivity coatings, the leakage current appreciably rises with increasing carrier concentration, thus diminishing the slope efficiency improvements and, in fact, degrading the slope efficiency at very low reflectance. It was observed that the ratio of leakage to threshold current could increase by 17% for high carrier concentrations at very low AR coating values. The results also allow for experimental optimization of AR coatings for increased slope efficiency in mid-IR ICLs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an optimal value for the AR coatings in order to maximize the power in ICLs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".