Characterization of Spirolides A, C, and 13-Desmethyl C, New Marine Toxins Isolated from Toxic Plankton and Contaminated Shellfish
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three additional marine toxins, spirolides A (1), C (3), and 13-desmethyl-C (7), were isolated from contaminated scallops and phytoplankton collections obtained from a Nova Scotian aquaculture site, as well as from batch cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii obtained as a single-cell isolate from these phytoplankton assemblages. The structures of these new spirolide derivatives, characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR, indicate a close relationship with spirolides B (2) and D (4) isolated previously from contaminated shellfish in the same area. All of these compounds display "fast-acting" toxicity in the traditional bioassay used for monitoring shellfish, and this is related to the presence of a cyclic imine function in all these compounds. Those spirolides containing a vicinal dimethyl group in the seven-membered ring are resistant to oxalic acid hydrolysis, whereas those that do not are readily hydrolyzed. These observations suggest that the extra methyl group on the seven-membered imine ring of 3, 4, and 7 appears to block the process of imine hydrolysis perhaps by stereochemical interference.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it