Mesospheric temperature observations at Resolute (75°N) in the context of solar flux and quasi‐biennial variations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A spectral airglow temperature imager was operated at Resolute (75°N) in northern Canada from 2001 to 2009, providing mesospheric rotational temperatures from the hydroxyl radical OH Meinel (6,2) band airglow from a nominal altitude of 87 km. The year‐to‐year temperature variability, which included a full maximum to minimum of the solar cycle, was investigated and compared with the temperatures at 22.5 km obtained from radiosonde measurements at the same site. For both data sets, an anticorrelation with the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) was found, in the sense that a positive (eastward) zonal wind at the equator corresponded to negative temperature anomalies for both regions, a relationship that had already been recognized for the lower stratosphere. Plots of the monthly mesospheric temperatures versus solar flux, done separately for the two phases of the QBO, showed a high correlation for the westerly phase of the QBO and a low correlation for the easterly phase, as has been recognized for the lower stratosphere. Finally, when the upper mesospheric monthly temperature anomalies were plotted versus those for the lower stratosphere, a high correlation was found for the westerly phase of the QBO and a low correlation for the easterly phase. This is also a new finding for the upper mesosphere and indicates either a coupling between the two regions or simply a common response to the same source: solar flux, the influence of which is modulated by the QBO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".