Future tropospheric ozone simulated with a climate‐chemistry‐biosphere model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A climate‐chemistry model and a biogenic emission model are used to investigate the relative impact of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions of ozone precursors and global warming on the evolution of ozone in 2100. A warmer and wetter climate leads to enhanced ozone photochemical destruction in the lower troposphere, a more intense Brewer‐Dobson circulation in the stratosphere and a lightning NO x emission increased from 5 to 7.5 Tg(N)/yr. Over Europe and the eastern US climate change locally causes surface ozone to increase because of enhanced PAN thermal decomposition and more stagnant meteorological conditions. The global and annual mean OH concentration remains quite stable and the methane lifetime is unchanged in the future. Increased biogenic emissions contribute by 30–50% to surface ozone summer formation in northern continental regions. The feedback of climate change and of biogenic emissions increases the 2000 to 2100 tropospheric ozone radiative forcing by 12%, up to a global mean value of 0.58 Wm −2 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".