Modelling of a solid dissolution in liquid with chemical reaction: Application to the attack reaction of phosphate by sulphuric acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims at the determination of the kinetics and thermodynamics of a liquid–solid reaction: the attack reaction of the phosphate ore by sulphuric acid. This reaction, which is used industrially for the production of phosphoric acid, has two stages, the first of which consists in the dissolution of phosphate ore in the diluted phosphoric acid diluted and the second relates to the attack of the dissolved ore by sulphuric acid. The thermodynamic properties and the kinetic parameters of each reaction are determined using a calorimetric approach. The complete kinetic study of the step in dissolving the phosphate ore was conducted to develop a kinetic model involving the process of transfer kinetic liquid–solid and the chemical kinetic processes. This model takes into account the coupling between the mass and heat balance and the multitude particles' sizes of phosphate and the stirring speed. The study of the attack of monocalcium phosphate by sulphuric acid allows the evaluation of the reaction order and the values of various parameters that describe the kinetic model of the precipitation reaction. The comparison of different parameters determined with those reported in the literature shows the reliability and the relevance of the proposed methodology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".