Mechanical properties and crack propagation of soy‐polypropylene composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Composites from soy flour (SF) and polypropylene (PP) exhibited increased impact and flexural properties when SF was treated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or when subjected to autoclave treatment and maleic anhydride coupling agent addition. The impact strength increased by at least 13% for the KMnO4 SF composites and by 18% for the autoclave SF composites with maleic anhydride coupling agent addition. These two SF composite materials showed increased impact and flexural modulus, an indication of multiscale material architecture. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the fractured surfaces revealed different morphology and potential crack propagation mechanisms. Composites with untreated SF showed poor bonding with the polypropylene matrix whereas improved bonding was observed for SF subjected to KMnO4 treatment. Composites with SF subjected to autoclave treatment combined with maleic anhydride revealed good bonding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".