Unilateral aquagenic keratoderma treated with botulinum toxin A
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aquagenic keratoderma is a rare transient disease that occurs after water immersion and disappears shortly after drying. Most cases involve the palms and fingers bilaterally but it can also affect the soles. Few cases have been associated with drugs but its pathogenesis remains unclear. MAIN OBSERVATION: We report a 60-year-old man with a 30-year-history of aquagenic keratoderma of the right palm without associated hyperhidrosis or history of drug intake. After unsuccessful treatment with 15% aluminium chloride hexahydrate gel, botulinum toxin A injections led to significant improvement within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this case is the first report of idiopathic unilateral aquagenic keratoderma in the medical literature. It is the third report of successful treatment with botulinum toxin A which is in favor of a role of sweat glands in the pathogenesis of aquagenic keratoderma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".