Effects of intranasal fluticasone and salmeterol on allergen‐induced nasal responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Combination of inhaled steroid and long-acting beta-agonists has synergistic effects in asthma. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether nasal corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonists have synergistic effects on allergen-induced nasal responses. METHODS: The effects of intranasal treatment with fluticasone p-MDI (50 microg bid), salmeterol p-MDI (25 microg bid), their combination, and placebo, on nasal symptoms, eosinophil differential cell count and albumin in nasal lavage fluid (measures of inflammation and leakage respectively) and nasal electrical potential difference (measure of epithelial integrity) were studied in 11 atopic subjects with rhinitis, in a randomized, partially-blinded, 4-period, cross-over study. The measurements were made at baseline, at the end of 1 week of treatment, and immediately after a nasal allergen provocation. RESULTS: Allergen-induced sneeze, postnasal drip and nasal obstruction were significantly reduced by fluticasone, but not by salmeterol. Eosinophil count in postallergen nasal lavage fluid was significantly less after fluticasone (median 1.9%, IQR 4.6) and salmeterol treatment (median 2.5%, IQR 8.5) compared with placebo (median 12.5%, IQR 27.9). Compared with placebo, both fluticasone and salmeterol attenuated allergen-induced change in nasal potential (mean change from baseline -18.5, +0.4 and -7.2% respectively) and the increase in nasal albumin (median 154, 119 and 130 ng/ml respectively). Combination treatment did not have any additional benefits over the individual therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Although salmeterol has anti-inflammatory properties, intranasal salmeterol or its combination with fluticasone do not offer any added benefit over intranasal fluticasone alone for allergen-induced nasal responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".