Fatigue in Individuals With Advanced Cancer in Active Treatment and Palliative Settings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Fatigue is associated with cancer, but it also occurs in other illnesses and in work and leisure activities. This article is a report of part of a project comparing fatigue across ill and non-ill populations aimed at identifying the unique features of fatigue in individuals with cancer. The first stage of this work suggested that fatigue is 3 distinct but related concepts-tiredness, fatigue, and exhaustion-which led to the development of the Fatigue Adaptation Model. In this article, the authors report the findings of a qualitative study of fatigue in individuals with advanced cancer in active treatment and palliative settings. It is the first in a series of 5 papers intended to make the boundaries between tiredness, fatigue, and exhaustion more explicit. Here, the authors show that although tiredness, fatigue, and exhaustion are all manifested by the same 5 attributes (changes in emotional, cognitive, and muscular function; decreasing control over body processes; and decreased social interaction), the qualitative differences in the manifestations support the assertion that they are distinct states. This distinction is important, as interventions that could prevent, or at least delay, progression from tiredness to fatigue may be inappropriate for the prevention or delay of progression from fatigue to exhaustion. Fatigue is associated with cancer, but it also occurs in other illnesses and in work and leisure activities. This article is a report of part of a project comparing fatigue across ill and non-ill populations aimed at identifying the unique features of fatigue in individuals with cancer. The first stage of this work suggested that fatigue is 3 distinct but related concepts-tiredness, fatigue, and exhaustion-which led to the development of the Fatigue Adaptation Model. In this article, the authors report the findings of a qualitative study of fatigue in individuals with advanced cancer in active treatment and palliative settings. It is the first in a series of 5 papers intended to make the boundaries between tiredness, fatigue, and exhaustion more explicit. Here, the authors show that although tiredness, fatigue, and exhaustion are all manifested by the same 5 attributes (changes in emotional, cognitive, and muscular function; decreasing control over body processes; and decreased social interaction), the qualitative differences in the manifestations support the assertion that they are distinct states. This distinction is important, as interventions that could prevent, or at least delay, progression from tiredness to fatigue may be inappropriate for the prevention or delay of progression from fatigue to exhaustion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".