Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative three-dimensional performance-based earthquake engineering assessment methodology for gated spillways. Several functionality and structural stability limit states are defined. The functionality of the gates is tackled by assessing seismic demand-to-capacity indices along a success path leading to postearthquake gate opening. As an application example, the proposed methodology is applied to an existing gated spillway built in 1927. Finite element incremental dynamic analyses are performed for six sets of spectrum compatible ground motions with return periods ranging from 200to10,000years. Linear transient dynamic analyses are first performed to compute internal force resultants, displacements, and distortions in structural components. For the concrete structures, the forces from the analyses are input in a postprocessor to compute sliding safety factors using a three-dimensional extension of the gravity method accounting for concrete cracking. The assessment of the hoist supporting structure and gates is done using current steel member demand-to-capacity checks. The actual failure mode hierarchy is identified and found unsatisfactory as the concrete structures and steel lifting tower anchors are expected to fail prematurely. Specific performance criteria and related ground motion return periods are proposed (1) to maintain normal gate opening; (2) to maintain the load bearing capacity of the steel towers and bridge; (3) for life safety of personnel; and (4) to avoid an uncontrolled release of the reservoir.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".