Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a minor centre in transnational pre-Holocaust Yiddish culture, Montreal aligned itself with major centres, in particular the nearby metropolis of New York City. This study examines the relationship between Yiddish Montreal and Yiddish New York City from the very beginnings of eastern European Jewish immigration in the 1880s through the Second World War, with a particular focus on publishing and literary life. It compares the two cities and presents theatre as an area of Montreal’s ongoing dependence on New York City. It discusses the interconnected spheres of publishing and literary life as presenting a more complex and evolving relationship between the minor and major city. Here Montreal’s literary culture evolved from a dependent of New York City towards a position of maturity and active exchange. Montreal’s emergence as a primary centre of Yiddish culture after the Holocaust forms part of a process of maturation vis-à-vis the wider Yiddish world, notably New York City. The study also posits that during this ongoing evolution of the Montreal-New York City relationship, the bonds between the cities remained much stronger than the ties between Yiddish and non-Yiddish Canadian culture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".