Determining the Ecological Role of<i>Euspira lewisii</i>: Part I: Feeding Ecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The predatory naticid snail Euspira lewisii, Lewis' moon snail, native to the west coast of North America, is stated to be an economic threat to the shellfish aquaculture industry in British Columbia (BC). This species is being manually removed from the intertidal ecosystem, yet little is known about the ecology of this species. Enclosures and beach shell assemblages were used to determine the prey preference, feeding rates, and community impacts of E. lewisii. In the enclosures, Protothaca staminea, the native little neck clam, was found to be the preferred prey, whereas the commercially valuable Manila clam, Venerupis philippinarum, was avoided when E. lewisii was offered other clam prey choices. Drilled shells collected from the intertidal revealed similar feeding preferences. The feeding rate averaged for a variety of clam species was found to be 0.09 clams/day or 1 clam every 14 days. The feeding rate was dependent on prey species, and was highest for the preferred species and significantly lower on avoided species. The overall impact of E. lewisii to the bivalve community was found to be low. Based on these results, E. lewisii consumed only approximately 3% of the clam population over 1 y, assuming maximal feeding rates and typical population densities found on the west coast of BC. E. lewisiih has minimal impacts to the Manila clam industry in BC and control measures are not necessary for this species. Baseline ecological field studies arc important for gaining an understanding of poorly understood species, especially those considered threats to industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".