ABCA1 Is Essential for Efficient Basolateral Cholesterol Efflux during the Absorption of Dietary Cholesterol in Chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) participates in the efflux of cholesterol from cells. It remains unclear whether ABCA1 functions to efflux cholesterol across the basolateral or apical membrane of the intestine. We used a chicken model of ABCA1 dysfunction, the Wisconsin hypoalpha mutant (WHAM) chicken, to address this issue. After an oral gavage of radioactive cholesterol, the percentage appearing in the bloodstream was reduced by 79% in the WHAM chicken along with a 97% reduction in the amount of tracer in high density lipoprotein. In contrast, the percentage of radioactive cholesterol absorbed from the lumen into the intestine was not affected by the ABCA1 mutation. Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have been inferred to decrease cholesterol absorption through activation of ABCA1 expression. However, the LXR agonist T0901317 decreased cholesterol absorption equally in both wild type and WHAM chickens, indicating that the effect of LXR activation on cholesterol absorption is independent of ABCA1. The ABCA1 mutation resulted in accumulation of radioactive cholesterol ester in the intestine and the liver of the WHAM chicken (5.0- and 4.4-fold, respectively), whereas biliary lipid concentrations were unaltered by the WHAM mutation. In summary, ABCA1 regulates the efflux of cholesterol from the basolateral but not apical membrane in the intestine and the liver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".