Isolation and Variation in Virulence of Single-Spore Isolates of <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> from Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot of crucifers, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is emerging as an important disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Populations of the pathogen often consist of a mixture of different pathotypes. Therefore, a simple and efficient method to isolate single resting spores of P. brassicae was developed, based on serial dilution of spore suspensions. The virulence of 24 single-spore isolates, representing five populations of the pathogen from Alberta, Ontario, and British Columbia, was characterized on the differentials of Williams and Somé et al. Symptoms were rated 6 weeks after inoculation and Fisher's least significant difference (P < 0.05) was used to differentiate resistant from susceptible host reactions. The pathotype composition of P. brassicae in Canada appeared more diverse when single-spore isolates were examined rather than populations of the pathogen. In Alberta, at least three and possibly four pathotypes were identified among the 14 isolates tested, whereas a maximum of only two pathotypes had been reported previously when populations of the pathogen were examined. Pathotype 3 or P 2 , as classified on the differentials of Williams and Somé et al., respectively, was found to be predominant in the province. The occurrence of other pathotypes at lower frequencies suggests that caution should be used in any breeding strategy, because rare pathotypes of P. brassicae may quickly become predominant if susceptible host genotypes are continuously grown.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it