3D stepped electrodes on a flexible substrate with permanently bonded poly(dimethylsiloxane) channels for moving microfluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interdigitated microelectrode arrays have been exploited to move electrolyte via ac electro-osmosis. The performance of three dimensional (3D) stepped electrodes has been shown to exceed that of planar electrodes. However, to date all prototypes described have been based on solid silicon or glass substrates, limiting the usage of such devices. This report, to our best knowledge, is the first to describe a 3D stepped microelectrode array on a flexible Kapton® substrate. The Kapton surface was modified to make it capable of bonding with poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannels. The metal electrode was patterned by wet etching, a simpler process than previous approaches. Results of bonding, bending, and fluidic testing are reported. The frequency response obtained using deionized water showed maximum velocities of approximately 370 and 180 μm/s at 5Vpp for testing with a flat and bent substrate, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".