<i>Anemia quatsinoensis</i> sp. nov. (Schizaeaceae), a Permineralized Fern from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anatomically preserved schizaeaceous vegetative and fertile organs have been identified from the Apple Bay locality (Lower Cretaceous) of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Specimens are permineralized in calcareous nodules that contain numerous plants and marine invertebrates. Fertile pinnules are pinnately lobed, with abaxial sporangia and abaxially reflexed laminae. The pyriform sporangia have an apical annulus and occur in two rows on each pinnule lobe. Laminar tissue has wavy, thick‐walled, adaxial epidermal cells. Spores are tetrahedral to globose with three sets of obliquely arranged parallel muri and correspond to the sporae dispersae genus Cicatricosisporites Potonié et Gelletich. This fertile material most closely resembles Anemia subgenus Anemiorrhiza (Schizaeaceae) and is described as a new species, Anemia quatsinoensis Hernandez‐Castillo, Stockey et Rothwell. Fertile pinnae are associated with an exarch, amphiphloic, solenostelic Anemia‐like rhizome, with a C‐shaped frond trace. Anatomies of the solenostele and frond trace, as well as frond divergence, compare most closely with species of Anemia subgenus Anemiorrhiza and may represent the vegetative shoot of Anemia quatsinoensis. This is the oldest and most complete permineralized fertile material of the genus Anemia in North America, and its presence at Apple Bay is consistent with the hypothesis that much of the diversification of Schizaeaceae had already occurred by the beginning of the Cretaceous.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".