Design method for bolted connections loaded perpendicular-to-grain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new design approach to evaluate the resistance of bolted timber connections loaded perpendicular-to-grain is presented in this paper. The design method consists of calculating the resistances of the ductile failure modes, based on the original European yield model, and that of the splitting mode, and of using the smallest of the two. The splitting calculations are adapted from the wood resistance calculation for timber rivet connections. The new design method is based on the assumption that the bolted connection is forming a cluster considered to be equivalent in dimension to a cluster of timber rivets. The rivet design equations were modified to reflect the fact that bolts extend to the full thickness of the wood members, whereas rivets do not. In this paper, the research program is described, results are presented and the alternative design approach is proposed to predict the failure modes and the ultimate strengths of steelwoodsteel, woodwoodwood, and woodsteelwood bolted connections.Key words: connections, strength, design, bolt, connection, prediction, failure, perpendicular-to-grain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".