The Free Trade Area of the Americas: American-Domainated Trade, American-Dominated Finance?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Before being overtaken by events of 11 September 2001, the topic of the Free Trade Area of the Americas occupied much attention in the US and Canada. The subject was approached as primarily a trade barrier agenda. However we here argue that globalisation and open markets have also been facilitated by issues of currency exchange rates and the fight against inflation. This, in turn, forces considering of the enduring hegemonic status of the US dollar as world numeraire . Floating exchange rates arrived when, in 1971, US President Richard Nixon unilaterally closed the Gold window at the Fed. This effectively ended the postwar Bretton Woods system of the dollar–gold relationship. That action also gave rise to the raging inflation of the 1970s. As inflation has been a problem for economic alignment, we need to look closely at how matters financial – as well as those of trade – affect prospects for the Free Trade Area of the Americas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".