Theoretical study of laser-excited Mach cones in dusty plasmas
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for a monolayer of dust particles is used to study the Mach cones excited by a moving laser beam through dusty plasmas. Numerical results for the density perturbation and the velocity distribution of dust particles exhibit both compressional and shear-wave Mach cones. It is found that the compressional Mach cones exist in cases of both supersonic and subsonic excitations, and that they consist of multiple lateral or transverse wakes. On the other hand, realization of single shear-wave Mach cones depends closely on the excitation technique, the laser scanning speed, and the discharge pressures. It is found that, when the scanning direction of the laser beam is perpendicular to the laser force, a transition from multiple compressional Mach cones to a single shear Mach cone can be achieved either by lowering the scanning speed or by increasing the discharge pressures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it