Caspase‐cleaved actin (fractin) immunolabelling of Hirano bodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hirano bodies are eosinophilic rod-like inclusions that are found predominantly in neuronal processes in the hippocampal CA1 sector with increasing age and are particularly numerous in Alzheimer's disease. They contain a variety of cytoskeletal epitopes, especially actin and actin-binding proteins. Actin cleavage by cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) is a feature of apoptosis. Cleavage at aspartate 244 generates N-terminal 32 kDa and C-terminal 15 kDa actin fragments. This has led to the development of a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for caspase-cleaved actin, directed to the last five C-terminal amino acids of the 32 kDa fragment of actin ('fractin'). Fractin immunohistochemistry was performed on hippocampal sections from Alzheimer's disease and control cases containing numerous Hirano bodies, in addition to immunolabelling with CM1 antiserum which recognizes activated caspase-3. The Hirano bodies showed strong diffuse fractin immunoreactivity. They did not label with CM1 antiserum, perhaps reflecting too low a level of activated caspase-3 for immunodetection, or involvement of a different member of the caspase family. The finding of fractin immunoreactivity of Hirano bodies suggests that caspase-like cleavage of actin may play a role in their formation and further supports caspase-like activity in neuronal processes, distinct from that associated with acute perikaryal apoptosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".