Low‐risk cyanobacterial bloom sources: Cell accumulation within full‐scale treatment plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria in drinking water sources and within drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) have been increasingly documented, even in regions with historically infrequent blooms. The main objective of the authors' research was to study the accumulation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria within two full‐scale DWTPs (Eastern Canada) fed by water sources considered to have a low risk of cyanobacterial presence. Intensive in vivo measurements were conducted on raw, clarified, filtered, and chlorinated waters. Samples were also taken for microscopic counts, toxin analyses, and water characterization. Cyanobacterial profiles were mapped in the sedimentation and filtration basins using a fluorescence probe. Even though cell numbers at the water intake were below 400 cells/mL, an accumulation of cyanobacterial cells was observed in the sludge bed of clarifiers (more than 1 × 106 cells/mL) and on the surface of the sedimentation and filtration basins. Microcystis and Gloetrichia were the dominant genera. Preozonation of raw water helped with the removal of cells in the clarification process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".