Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent modeling has shown that condition-dependent sex can evolve much more readily than sex that occurs at a uniform rate, even in the face of substantial costs of sex. Specifically, evolution favors genes that cause organisms to allocate more resources to sexual reproduction when they are in poor condition and to asexual reproduction--including increased life span--when they are in good condition. This form of fitness-associated sex (FAS) evolves because modifier genes that promote their own escape from low-fitness genetic backgrounds and that remain longer in high-fitness genetic backgrounds rise in frequency alongside the spread of high-fitness genotypes due to selection. Importantly, FAS does not evolve because it is good for the individual or good for the species but because it is in the selfish interest of modifier genes that promote FAS to move from low- to high-fitness genetic backgrounds. Even though FAS does not evolve for the good of its descendants, we show here that FAS often hastens the rate of adaptation. Ironically, the rate of adaptation is most likely to be accelerated by FAS when sex is costly, because FAS makes it more likely that individuals in poor condition will suffer the costs of sex, improving the efficiency with which less fit alleles are eliminated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".