Control of Particle Size and Surface Properties of Crystals of NaX Zeolite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized NaX zeolite crystals with controlled sizes from 20 nm to 0.8 μm, using a novel organic-additive-free approach. We show that the NaX crystal size depends on the silicate source and hydrothermal crystallization conditions, especially crystallization temperature and agitation. The physical properties of NaX-nano (20−100 nm) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, 29 Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and N 2 adsorption. The results were compared with those for micrometer-sized NaX crystals, NaX-μ. As expected, the external surface area of NaX-nano was found to be significantly enhanced compared with that of NaX-μ. Porosity analysis indicates that NaX-nano has a broad distribution of mesopores from 2 to 20 nm, associated with interparticle voids. Both FT-IR and 29 Si solid-state NMR spectra revealed the presence of Q 3 silicon atoms in NaX-nano. All four Q 3 species were assigned in the 29 Si NMR spectra.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".