<i>In-situ</i>X-ray diffraction during pulsed laser deposition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The x-ray diffraction experiments were performed on LiNbO 3 (LN) and Sr x Ba 1-x Nb 2 O 6 (SBN) crystals grown by modified Stepanov technique in bulk-profiled configuration using dies of capillary type with different cross-sections. The lattice defects were visualized by x-ray topography. The experiments show the presence in LN samples mosaic blocks drawn out along pulling direction with sizes 5-20 mm in this direction and 0.3-2.0 mm in perpendicular to growth axis. Adjacent blocks were also misoriented with respect to each other with average angles of 6 arc min. Structure distortions for c-cut of bulk-profiled LN have a character of concentric rings, those form and sizes match to the die construction. The picture of structural imperfections depends on growth conditions forming of crystal-melt interface. For profiled LN grown in high temperature gradients the phase interface was inhomogeneous: flat over die plates, concave to the capillaries. The position of rocking curve maximum depends on xray incident angle and displaces together linear scanning along LN sample surface. It indicates the presence of crystallographic plane bend of 0.6+-0.1 degree. Low thermal conductivity of SBN crystals leads to formation of convex to the crystal crystallization front what allows to eliminate such lattice defects as small angle grain boundaries and as a result to obtain crystals of high optical quality. Atomic structure of SBN (x=0.33; 0.61;0.75) was investigated. Peculiarities of distribution of Sr and Ba ions as well as Ce, Tm doping ions in lattice channels are determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".