Electrophoretic Separation of Long Polyelectrolytes in Submolecular-Size Constrictions: A Monte Carlo Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We use a bond-fluctuation Monte Carlo method to study the motion of long polyelectrolytes inside an array of microscopic entropic traps. The molecules are pulled through the array by an electric field and forced into submolecular-size constrictions between the larger trap regions. We numerically solve the Laplace equation inside the structure to obtain realistic field lines for our simulations. We find that the mobility of the molecules increases with molecular size and that the size-separation mechanism relies mainly on the overall deformation of the molecules as they approach the narrow constrictions. We also investigate specific aspects of the separation mechanism, namely the conformational behavior of the molecule, the hernia nucleation process, and the trapping time statistics as a function of molecular size and field strength. Our simulation results for the mobility, the critical hernia nucleation size, the mean trapping time, and the resolution are consistent with the experimental data and model previously published by Han et al. 1,2 Finally, we predict that such microfluidic structures could be used to separate topoisomers bearing the same molecular size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".