Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vernalization and photoperiod genes have wide-ranging effects on the timing of gene expression in plants. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine if expression of low-temperature (LT) tolerance genes is developmentally regulated and (2) establish the interrelationships among the developmental stages and LT tolerance gene expression. LT response curves were determined for three photoperiod-sensitive LT tolerant winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) genotypes acclimated at 4 °C under 8 h short-day (SD) and 20 h long-day (LD) photoperiods from 0 to 112 d. Also, three de-acclimation and re-acclimation cycles were used that bridged the vegetative/reproductive transition point for each LD and SD photoperiod treatment. A vernalization period of 49 d at 4 °C was sufficient for all genotypes to reach vernalization saturation as measured by minimum final leaf number (FLN) and confirmed by examination of shoot apices dissected from crowns that had been de-acclimated at 20 °C LD. Before the vegetative/reproductive transition, both the LD- and SD-treated plants were able to re-acclimate to similar LT 50 (temperature at which 50% of the plants are killed by LT stress) levels following de-acclimation at 20 °C. De-acclimation of LD plants after vernalization saturation resulted in rapid progression to the reproductive phase and limited ability to re-acclimate. The comparative development of the SD (non-flowering-inductive photoperiod) de-acclimated plants was greatly delayed relative to LD plants, and this delay in development was reflected in the ability of SD plants to re-acclimate to a lower temperature. These observations confirm the hypothesis that the point of transition to the reproductive stage is pivotal in the expression of LT tolerance genes, and the level and duration of LT acclimation are related to the stage of phenological development as regulated by vernalization and photoperiod requirements. Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".