Age-related differences in the time it takes to form auditory images of broadband noises.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When correlated noises are presented over earphones to the two ears, listeners typically form a fused compact image of the noise. However, when the noises presented to the two ears are independent, listeners tend to hear two noises: one on the left and the other on the right. In Experiment 1 we determined the minimum duration required to form auditory images by asking listeners to distinguish between a 1-s presentation of independent noises to the left and right ears, and another 1-s presentation in which the noise was correlated for x ms before switching to two independent noises. In Experiment 2, one of the noises was correlated throughout the 1-s presentation; the other started off uncorrelated before switching to correlated. Younger adults performed better than older adults in both experiments. However, the performance of younger adults was better in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1, whereas the reverse was true for older adults. The implications of these results for age-related changes in auditory scene analysis will be discussed. [This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".