Optical Spectroscopy and Upconversion Studies of Ho<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Bulk and Nanocrystalline Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we report on the optical spectroscopy and upconversion studies of Ho 3+ -doped nanocrystalline and bulk Y 2 O 3, as a function of holmium concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mol %). Emission in the blue, green, red, and NIR portions of the spectrum is recorded after 457.9-nm excitation. Red (646 nm) pumping results in blue and green emission through a two-photon excited-state absorption (ESA) upconversion process. NIR (754 nm) pumping results in blue, green, and red emission. Overall luminescence of the nanocrystalline samples under one-photon excitation or 646-nm pumping is severely reduced when compared to that of the bulk sample, or nonexistent in the case of the 754-nm pumping, which is attributed to adsorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide and/or water on the surface of the nanocrystals. A quenching of the green ( 5 F 4, 5 S 2 ) → 5 I 8 emission is noted with increasing Ho 3+ concentration that is attributed to a cross-relaxation mechanism involving two holmium ions.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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