Commentary on A Blueprint for Cross-Border Access to U.S. Investors: A New International Framework
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the article by Ethiopis Tafara and Robert Peterson,1 the authors propose a framework to apply to foreign anancial services providers accessing the U.S. capital market (the “Blueprint”). Rather than requiring foreign stock exchanges and foreign broker-dealers to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as is currently the case, the Blueprint instead recommends “a system of substituted compliance with SEC regulations.”2 I appreciate the invitation to provide a commentary on the Blueprint, which comes at such a critical juncture in time.3 In this commentary, I discuss the global factors and recent developments that are exerting, and will continue to exert, inevitable pressure on securities regulators to open up cross-border access in anancial services. In commenting on the Blueprint, I suggest the need for a framework and associated criteria to aid in assessing such a framework. Alternative approaches are outlined and discussed, including a description of the Canada-U.S. Multijurisdictional Disclosure System (“MJDS”), the EU system, and a recent proposal by the Toronto Stock Exchange Group (“TSX Group”).4
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.048 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.074 | 0.077 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".