PRODUCTION OF POLYPLOIDS AND ANEUPLOIDS OF PHALARIS BY MEANS OF NITROUS OXIDE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
few years ago it was demonstrated by the present writer (OSTER-A GREN, 1954) in experiments with Crepis capillaris that nitrous oxide could be used successfully for the production of polyploid plants.The flowers were pollinated and when the first mitoses passed in the resulting zygotes the plants were treated with nitrous oxide of 10 atm.pressure for 4 hours.Some success was also obtained by treating for 6 hours at the time when the second zygotic division was taking place.It was considered of interest to test the method also on some other species and for this reason efforts were made to find out when the first zygotic divisions take place.The results, however, were rather disappointing.In the materials studied Nigella, Pnpuuer, Dipcccdi) it was found very difficult to determine the time in question.The zygote appears to divide only several days after pollination and not simultaneously in different ovules.For this reason no treatments were made with these species.It is, however, obvious that it should also be possible to get polyploids when treatments are applied to other stages than the first zygotic division.When a later mitosis is treated the embryo should become a chimaera.In some cases the resulting polyploid cells may be localed in such a position in the embryo that they will give rise to a meristematic region and the resulting seedling may become a polyploid.Furthermore, in many species there are inflorescences in which the flowers represent a practically continuous series of various developmental stages.When a treatment is applied to a material of this kind there should obviously be a good chance that some of the zygotes are in a stage sensitive to the treatment.For these reasons there should be some chance of getting a successful result even when a treatment is applied rather at random without any knowledge of when the first mitosis is taking place.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".