A physical model of multiple-image radiography
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We recently proposed a phase-sensitive x-ray imaging method called multiple-image radiography (MIR), which is an improvement on the diffraction-enhanced imaging technique. MIR simultaneously produces three images, depicting separately the effects of absorption, refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering of x-rays, and all three MIR images are virtually immune to degradation caused by scattering at higher angles. Although good results have been obtained using MIR, no quantitative model of the imaging process has yet been developed. In this paper, we present a theoretical prediction of the MIR image values in terms of fundamental physical properties of the object being imaged. We use radiative transport theory to model the beam propagation, and we model the object as a stratified medium containing discrete scattering particles. An important finding of our analysis is that the image values in all three MIR images are line integrals of various object parameters, which is an essential property for computed tomography to be achieved with conventional reconstruction methods. Our analysis also shows that MIR truly separates the effects of absorption, refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering for the case considered. We validate our analytical model using real and simulated imaging data.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it