Effect of black tea on aortic stiffness and wave reflections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aortic stiffness and wave reflections are prognosticators of cardiovascular risk. Tea is a widely consumed beverage, however its effect on arterial stiffness and wave reflections has not been defined. We studied 16 healthy volunteers in a randomized, single-blind, crossover fashion on 3 separate occasions: a) 6 gr of black tea, b) 175 mg of caffeine alone - the amount contained in 6 gr of tea, and c) placebo. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness using a non-invasive device (Complior®). Augmentation index (AI) was measured as an index of wave reflections with a validated system (SphygmoCor®) that employs high-fidelity arterial tonometry. Tea increases aortic stiffness and wave reflections promptly. However, this effect is shortly after counterbalanced by the effect of tea flavonoids. These findings provide new insights on the effects of black tea on the cardiovascular system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".