Pharmacoeconomics of long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis affects ~ 1% of the population. It is associated with pain, deformity, decreased quality of life and disability that in turn affects patients' ability to work. A variety of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are available to control the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. The goal of treatment is to improve patients' quality of life and prevent joint destruction. This paper reviews both the clinical aspects of frequently prescribed disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and the available cost-effectiveness information. Clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of methotrexate, etanercept, infliximab, gold, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, penicillamine, cyclosporin, azathioprine and corticosteroids. The last four of these are associated with greater toxicity and are only used if less toxic drugs are ineffective. The lack of published economic evaluations of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs highlights the need for such studies to allow efficacious and cost-effective drugs to be used to prevent the long-term complications of uncontrolled rheumatoid arthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".