Simulation of the last glacial inception and rapid ice sheet growth in the McGill Paleoclimate Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two‐dimensional (2‐D) dynamic ice sheet model coupled to the McGill Paleoclimate Model (MPM) under Milankovitch forcing and Vostok‐derived atmospheric CO2 levels is used to investigate the last glacial inception and subsequent rapid ice sheet growth in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The impacts on ice sheet growth of the elevation effect of orography and the freezing of rain/refreezing of meltwater are evaluated. The results show that while Milankovitch forcing only is sufficient to initiate the formation of permanent North American and Eurasian ice at around 120 kyr BP, rapid ice sheet growth during the next 10 kyr only occurs when the above two processes and an active ocean component are included. The modelled ice volume‐equivalent drop in sea level during this growth period is estimated to be about two‐thirds of that found from sea level reconstructions. Finally, the ice sheet‐thermohaline circulation interactions and ice sheet thickness distribution are also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".